Barnabas Medical Centre, Willow Springs Memorial Hospital and the Honeysuckle Clinic Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Dr Till plays a critical role in advising the board and supporting the medical staff towards the realisation of the intended objectives for Willow Springs Memorial Hospital. The board is expected to support the president in executing this initiative. The medical members of staff have a role to support the president in leading Hospital to achieve its vision. There is also the county health department director who should support the hospital by providing the relevant information and analysis of Willow Springs residents. These residents are the customers for the hospital whose needs have to be met. Their failure or success in meeting their roles would determine whether they are a support or barrier to the collaborative effort. Nola Salem is not a transformational leader, but rather a transactional leader. She makes generalisations, not considering the views of part-time employees as being significant. That is why meetings are called within even five-minute notice. A transformational le ader would not relieve employees who do not meet their targets of their duties but rather seek to understand their goals. Such a leader would be more focused on employees rather than attracting grant money as Ms. We will write a custom essay sample on Barnabas Medical Centre, Willow Springs Memorial Hospital and the Honeysuckle Clinic or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The questions asked would include what strategies the leader could use to motivate employees, to guide on belief in staff motivation; how to solve a specific conflict in an organisation, to understand the leader s value for communication and relationships.

Do The Right Thing Is A Beautifully Intense Film Directed...

Do the Right Thing is a beautifully intense film directed by the talented Spike Lee, which revolves around the very diverse community of the Bedford-Stuyvesant district of Brooklyn on a hot summer Sunday. Throughout the entire film, characters are faced with obstacles and injustices that bring up the grand question of what the â€Å"right thing† even is. One scene in particular sums up the whole premise of the film into a concise and poetic speech spoken by the one and only Radio Raheem. This scene is imperative to have in the film as well as for the viewers. Without this scene, the film itself would not have the same impact and possibly the same message it has already given all of its spectators. Radio Raheem is definitely an interesting character to say the least, just like many of the characters in this film; they individually embody an aspect of the microcosm they reside in. Some characters can be as apparent as â€Å"Buggin’ Out†. Not only is his name a term for losing control, but the character himself seems to cause trouble whenever he see’s a social injustice [no matter right or wrong on the subject]. Some can be more intricate like working man Mookie who lazes away day by day just waiting for his money at the end of it all. Although he is a man of the streets, a man that viewers like myself have grown fond of towards the films progression, Mookie is still a working-class man in this society, nothing more, and nothing less. As for Radio Raheem, he is a walking contradiction

Security challenges faced Free Essays

Cyber-crimes are described as crimes either created by the internet or aided by the internet. The danger posed by cyber crime to Australia and global community is discussed. Security challenges faced in the future are predicted using the ‘Law of accelerating returns’ where technological expansion rate is exponential. We will write a custom essay sample on Security challenges faced or any similar topic only for you Order Now This renders long-term predictions of cyber-related developments difficult to make. With technological advancements, young people continue to integrate their personal life into widespread computer networks. This is aided by social networking sites which are used by cyber criminals to collect personal information and the lack of vigilance displayed by these young generation. They continue to be reckless despite better awareness. Tracking the trends of cyber crime is not well coordinated but available information indicates an increase in cyber crime which is interestingly linked more to the human element than technological advances. This indicates that people continue to make poor choices with regards to risk. Cyber crime is set to increase in the next five years as organized criminal groups consolidate. Most of these groups are based mainly in Eastern Europe but will probably spread to Asia. With the target of making criminal profit there has been the creation of almost undetectable infiltration software. The use of sophisticated software to perpetrate crime like the botnet where compromised computers are organized into a network and used by criminals.Botnets present a high risk for online fraud in the future. Phishing, where an unsuspecting user is tricked to think they are communicating with their bank to obtain their password is likely to continue. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks which flood an internet site to take the site offline will continue and be used to hold at ransom companies and disturb activities of response teams. In a recent cyber attack in Australia during Cyber Storm 2 cyberwar-game event demonstrated major weaknesses that led to successful attacks in all areas of business. All indicators are that in the next years, not much improvement would have been made in response to cyber attacks. How to cite Security challenges faced, Papers

Legal Aspects In The Oil And Gas Industries In The World

Question: Describe about the legal aspects in the Oil and Gas Industries in the world economy during its international business transaction? Answer: Introduction: Over the last few years, the global oil and gas companies have laid huge emphasis on the legal aspects of the oil and gas industry during the time of business activity. In order to raise awareness of any environmental issues the government of the countries responded appropriately to the alert notices published by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC). According to the view of Dubiel et al. (2012), the Petroleum Act 1998 taken by the UK Government established the dictatorial rule relating to the oil and gas exploration and production in the UK. The industry is regulated by four members of statutory bodies including the Environment Agency (EA) in England, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the Scottish Environment Protection agency (SEPA) and Natural Resources Wales (NRW) in Wales. The UK and Dubai are considered as the primary instances for the fuel industry policies (Gautam, 2011). On the evening of 20 April 2010, a gas unconfined and consequent explosion rose on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig working on the Macondo exploration well for British Petroleum in the Gulf of Mexico (www.gov.uk, 2013). As a consequence, several people died and the corporate ethical issues occurred in the oil and gas industry. The leaked hydrocarbons polluted the environmental balance of the UK oil and gas industry. The environment and livelihood communities were also affected for this issue. To correct the situation, the UK government introduced set of rules and regulations for the fuel industries of UK to ensure that it does not happen again. The British Petroleum follows the rules of arbitration after the incidents in the Gulf of Mexico for its huge advantages. Like the UK, the other country that has the industry of oil and gas, have emerged a new law for the oil and gas companies. The statistics of the incident reflects that UK has developed its importer system in the crude oil and petroleum products, as because of the incidents in the Gulf of Mexico the global international companies prefer arbitration in commercial transactions. Arbitration allows a mutually agreed third party while business transaction takes place and it is a binding method of dispute resolution rather than the litigation. However, the litigation presents the case study with proper evidence and arguments in front of the jury. It is the major reason that the international companies of oil and gas industries require to choose the arbitration process as there is no binding decision by the court. Pros and cons of Litigations The process of litigations is very simple and formal for the both sides offering the opinions with proper evidence to support the argument. The whole process is transparent and open to all public. Thus the winner party gets the benefit of the court decision. In contrary, as it is open system, oil and gas disputants are usually reluctant to take the route of dispute resolution. The decision is enforceable to the same jurisdiction and it becomes more controversial. The entire process is costly for the both parties and a lengthy procedure to accomplish. Therefore the global companies do not prefer the process of litigation in case of oil and gas transport. Pros and cons of Arbitration This process is more flexible than litigation and it can be modified according to disputant requirements. The parties to a dispute can choose between institutional arbitration which gives more flexibility and visibility to the decision. The cost factor is usually less that litigation process and it also consume less time management. The disputants are liberated to choose the venue and platform for arbitration. On the other hand, the major disadvantages are that there is very limited scope of appeal after an award due to which parties might be reluctant to use this method of dispute resolution. The process can become as much luxurious and time consuming as litigation if one party decides to extend the proceedings. Hence, this can be deduced that the petroleum industries of worldwide used to uphold the norms of arbitration while executing the business transaction in a national and international basis. As per the Energy Policies relating to the oil and gas from the energy consumption is divided into three following aspects like Heat, Electricity and Transport. The international fuel industries and its territorial sea could follow the rules of the Petroleum Act. In the opinion of Petrov and Petrova (2015), this particular Act gave the host government to grant the licenses for exploring and exploiting oil and gas resources. The company who wants to participate in the fuel industry needs a license. There are three main kinds of licenses: Seaward Production License This is approved only for the offshore fields. It wraps the complete existence of grassland of exploration to production. Petroleum Exploration and Development License This law grants for the onshore fields and also covers the lifetime field (Olawuyi, 2015). Seaward Exploration License It only covers the outside exploration activities only. This kind of license is granted under a non-exclusive Exploration license. The official characteristics of the oil and gas industry are a vast topic to exhibit. This essay only considers few approaches to demonstrate. The essay is going to evaluate the key philosophy of the contact details on the global business transaction. The substantive regulations of the global law relevant to the fuel industry are also described in the research. Along with that, the essay demonstrates a critical understanding and effectiveness of the importance of oil, and gas law regarding the commercial context. The study also revealed the reason of choosing arbitration rather than litigation by the business entities to mitigate the oil and gas issues for resolving the disputes. Body: The global oil and gas industries construct a considerable input to the energy safety and the financial system of the country. It is necessary to understand the primary rules of international law which is valid for the oil and gas industry. The essay demonstrates the international Oil and Gas Law below: To recognize the characteristics of modern lubricate and gas law rule To identify the international legal rules applicable to international boundaries To execute the legal import and export of products, contracts and other arrangements that includes work programmes, production and distribution To negotiate with the host countries, regarding transportation and other identical metrics To evaluate and adopt the international engineering program and other procurement As per the global economy relating to the fuel industry, the unwanted rivalry, the energy organizations and price swings are comprised for converting the global business model approach. According to the opinion of Palazzo Almada and Parente (2015), the key trends of this sector have risen above the national border with restructuring and privatization in order to the emergence of the competitive market. The international oil and gas industry involves expensive operations for a very long time. Disputes may arise while international deal may occur relating to the quality and quantity of the goods. In order to reduce the progress issues of the oil and gas operation, the fuel industries use the theory of arbitration. Arbitration is a form of agreement between two parties to solve the disputes outside from the court. In case of arbitration, the two parties involved in the disputes have to consider ones decision for making a successful deal. The advantages of arbitration theory include the availability of pre-established rules and procedures to ensure the arbitration proceedings in a timely manner (Hitchin, 2014). The administrative advantage of arbitration assistance helps the involved parties to proceed with arbitration law for establishing the settlement with a proven record. However, the litigation is a slow process and expensive with legal fees for the court settlement. As the oil and gas industry is a regulated by the government norms, the parties involved in the oil and gas disputes avoids the rules of litigation for its slow tendency. The win-loss approach of the litigation theory is another reason to avoid the process of litigation by the parties (Lardinios and Klundert, 2014). Therefore the parties used to opt the process of arbitration in the international petroleum industry. The high degree use of contacts drafted by the professional advisers assists to resolve the dispute between the two parties. Overlapping the commercial interest and the long term contr actual relationship between the two countries of oil and gas companies could be possible to mitigate through litigation. As the litigation is expensive, time consuming and can destruct the good relationships, the countries with oil and gas industries are shifting towards choosing the arbitration for receiving a better outcome. The total responsibility for the arbitration administration is projected to the Secretary of state for the DECC. DECC uses a Petroleum Exploration and development License (PEDL) that gives a company or the group of the companies the exclusive rights to choose arbitration law for resolving the issues. According to the opinion of Gautam (2011), the set of protocols adopted by this committee is for ensuring safe working practice and onshore operations under the arbitration rules and regulations. The Minerals Planning Authority (MPA) controls the overall process of growth and utility of the land without hampering the communal interest. This authority provides the appropriate location for ensuring the proper development regarding the transaction activities. Additionally, Mcleod-kil (2009) observed that an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a measurement that determines the potential optimistic and pessimistic impacts of the projects carried out by the MPA under European Legislation. The commercial contracts regarding this sector must be understood in the broad sense that includes not only the trade transactions but also exchange of goods and products. As per the principles as rules of law governing the contract the parties who want to adopt the rules might applicable to the contract for combining the references to the principles with an agreement. However, Abuqdais (2007) argued that by applying the rules of law the parties could stop the agreement by showing the dispute s regarding the business transaction. The characteristics of the upstream oil and gas contracts hold the value of the underlined facts that includes: association of supply holders Valuable agreement Several kind of threats, huge investments and great remunaration Long duration Written agreements According to the opinion of Adedeji (2008), the commercial realities, of the oil and the gas industries, while attending the business transaction has followed the rules of contract law such as bargaining power and the competition law. The sources of lubricate and gas law include the international rules and regulation, national law that involves ownership of the natural resources. With the addition the types of regimes, including the common law based on the local judicial system and civil done by the legislature are also applicable to the business transaction (Kyepa, 2012). The Islamic law is another aspect that is applicable for the Arabic countries that has a mix traditional of the Islamic law and civil law. In case of oil and gas industries, the countrywide legislation implies to each phase of the oil and gas production. These key principles are has materialized the key principles of the commercial transactions and the new trends of the oil and gas sector. For waste controlling dispute the arbitration legislation is consisted with a different framework for the waste control in the oil and gas industry. According to the opinion of Marshall (2011), The United Nations Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 1992 was introduced as the Polluter-Pays principle. The EU Waste Framework Directive provides statutory access on the environmental requirements for the onshore and offshore upstream oil and gas operation. On the other hand, Mutalov and Musina (2014) argued that The Offshore Petroleum Activities (Oil Pollution Prevention and Control) Regulations 2005 (OPPC Regulations) in the act to regulate the system for the waste disposal during the offshore installation. The Energy Act 2008 was developed as an instrumental to bear down the legislative regulations for the energy providers and producers in the UK (www.gov.uk, 2013). The Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2009 and the Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005 imposed the procedures for Hazardous Waste/special waste including the requirements for the disposal and transportation within the strict documented framework. The Merchant Shipping (Pollution) Act 2006 assists the host government to apply Annex VI of the MARPOL 73/78 convention (Lardinios and Klundert, 2007). The aim of this act is to enhance the level of the appropriate response to different oil pollution incidents. The Offshore Chemical Regulations 2002 control the operations regarding the application and/or the release of the defined chemical substances. The Offshore Petroleum Activities (Oil Pollution Prevention and Control) Regulations 2005 established the authorised system for the oil discharge (Ali, 2010). On the other hand, the new amendment in this law in 2011 included the new aspects that encompassed all the pipelines including those which were previously not enclosed through the OPPC Regulations Act. The international discharges are clarified now under the discharges and such regulations came into action from 20011 (www.gov.uk, 2013). These are the respective policies that has emerged the successful usefulness of global law to a ddress the environmental impact of oil consumption and exploration. The fuel industry is one of the major and central industries in the worlds economy. The Aberdeen Masters in Oil and Gas Law targets to present its graduate with the proper aptitude, knowledge and the information which is compulsory to effort in this sector. The University Of Aberdeen Law School is fortunate in having one of the largest and talented team of oil and gas faculty in European Law School. In the opinion of Olawuyi (2015), the study programme is highly employable programme with the straight relations to the worldwide oil and gas companies. Aberdeen is located in the European oil and gas capital with major conferences, associated with the Oil and Gas industry in the UK. This approach would provide extracurricular experiences for the students which would assist the students in future commercial and business life. The main focus for choosing the oil and gas law as a distinctive subject is to provide a wider conceptual context so that the graduates must know the applicable area s of lubricate and gas law. Furthermore, it can be deduced that the oil and gas industry such as IOC would prefer to employ the international commercial arbitration to resolve the disputes while making international business dealing. Conclusion: The primary assertion of the essay reflects the importance of legal aspects in the Oil and Gas Industries in the world economy during its international business transaction. It has been evaluated that the host-governments allows the supreme civil rights over the countries environmental resources to overseas oil companies. The essay has also analysed the workings of the international oil and gas regimes including the contracts for commercial transaction used by the host countries. The research covers both the private and public law approaches of the segment like the mutual course and contractual activities, environmental protection and other regulation and taxation. Furthermore, the essay emphasises on demonstrating the significance of oil and gas law as a separate subject, considering its realistic and viable context. References: Abuqdais, H. A. (2007) Techno-economic assessment of municipal solid waste management in Jordan, Waste Management, 27(13), pp. 1666-1672 Adedeji, Y.M.D. (2008) Outdoor Space Planning and Landscape Qualities of Religious Centre in Akure, Nigeria, Inter-World Journal of Science and Technology, 2 (1), pp. 40- 51 Ali, A. (2010) Wasting time on solid waste in developing countries, Waste Management, 30(17), pp. 1437-1438 Dubiel, S., Jamrozik, A., Matyasik, A. and Ziaja, J. (2012) Problems related to oil and gas mining waste deposition in view of legal regulations, AGH Drilling,Oil,Gas, 29(3), pp. 403410. doi: 10.7494/drill.2012.29.3.403. Gautam, D. (2011) Trans-boundary marine oil pollution and its international legal aspects, International Journal of Liability and Scientific Enquiry, 4(2), pp. 151156. doi: 10.1504/ijlse.2011.041983. Gov.uk, (2013).Waste legislation and regulations - Detailed guidance - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/waste-legislation-and-regulations [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Hitchin, P. (2014) UK oil and gas: Squeezing the last drop, Engineering Technology, 9(9), pp. 7788. Kyepa, T. (2012) Integrating the proposed national oil company of Uganda into the corporate governance discourse: Lessons from Norway, Journal of Energy Natural Resources Law, 30(1), pp. 7589. Lardinios, I. and Klundert, A. (2007) Integrated sustainable waste management, Paper for the Programme Policy Meeting Urban Waste Expertise Programme, 7(2), pp.16 Marshall, A,G. (2011) The ecology of ectoparasitic insects. London: Academic Press. Mcleod-kil, H. (2009) Climate law and developing countries: Legal and policy challenges for the world economy (new.. Edited by Benjamin J. Richardson, Yves Le Bouthillier, and Heather McLeod-Kilmurray. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. Mutalov, S.V. and Musina, D.R. (2014) The Industrial Safety System Formation in Oil and Gas Company, Oil and Gas Business, 35(4), pp. 341352 Olawuyi, D.S. (2015) Legal strategies and tools for mitigating legal risks associated with oil and gas investments in Africa, OPEC Energy Review, 39(3), pp. 247265. Palazzo Almada, L. and Parente, V. (2013) Oil Gas Industry in Brazil: A brief history and legal framework, Panorama of Brazilian Law, 1(1), pp. 223252. Petrov, N.A. and Petrova, N.N. (2015) Some Aspects of Spiritual Understanding, Oil and Gas Business, 15(6), pp. 481545.

Play Report On A Look Back In Anger Essays - English-language Films

Play Report On A Look Back In Anger The play, A Look Back in Anger, by John Osborne brings the notion of the angry man gone mad to the surface. But what does this play teach us? Or, does this play teach us anything? At the end of this paper it will be evident that this play does teach us something, and that is how some people, as individuals, have their own ways of thinking, and reacting, which are considerably different from the social norms. Of course the character we will be analyzing is Jimmy. There are 3 stimuli that correspond to radical reactions by Jimmy. The first stimulus is love; Jimmy has ways of expressing his love to the women of his life that are different than the rest of society's. The second stimulus is the natural aggression towards threats, and most of these threats are small, that Jimmy expresses with Cliff, and also in Allison's mother, in particular. The final trigger to Jimmy's radical way of reacting is that of death. It seems to be an image that haunts him throughout the play and he only brings it to the surface after the halfway point. This, last, stimuli can be regarded as an explanation to his radical ways, that give him the image of the angry man. However, there is one over-ruling thesis that covers all three stimuli that is the basis of Jimmy's radical behavior, and that is of women in general; Jimmy, as will be demonstrated in each section, is very insecure with the opposite sex, whether it is will girlfriends, wives, or landlords. On the topic of love, Jimmy has demonstrated his difficulty to conform to the social norms, in terms of being a gentleman towards women, especially his own wife, Allison. The first major indication of this problem was when Allison and him were showing their first mutual signs of affection, but they were required to result to role playing to fulfill their show of love. Jimmy: You're very beautiful. A beautiful, great-eyed squirrel?How I envy you. Allison: Well, you're a jolly super bear, too. A really soooooooooooper, marvelous bear. Jimmy: Bears and Squirrels are marvelous Jimmy and Allison have proven that they must put on disguises to show their affection. Allison as a Squirrels, and Jimmy as a bear also demonstrates the way their perceive each other. A squirrel is small, weak, and helpless, as is contrary to a bear, that has the image of a vicious and barbaric animal. In this point of view, Osborne is showing us an analogy of how he perceives their relationship. Bears and squirrels don't really get along, mainly because they compete for the same food. In the play we see how Allison and Jimmy are incompatible, and when they speak of how bears and squirrels are marvelous, it just proves to show that they are blind to the fact that they don't belong together. However, it must be made clear that this is not due to Allison that they lock horns often, but it at Jimmy's fault; he is seen as the instigator to every conflict in this play. Not only in terms of love, but also in regarding women altogether, Jimmy sees women as the enemy. Jimmy has attacked every woman in this play, physically or verbally, except for one, and that was Hugh's mother who has dying. (this issue will be addressed in the last portion of this essay). First, we will look at the situation with Helena; as first it is evident that they hate each other, but then they kiss and become lovers. This is not only unusual, but shows the instability and unpredictability of Jimmy's actions. The issue is that he sees Helena as an enemy that is trying to convince Allison to leave him; and Jimmy seems correct, because in fact, that is what happens in the end, but it's quite unpredictable. Jimmy shows his disgust towards Helena when he says to her: What are you plotting? This is implying that Helena is out to mess his life up, this then leads to a confrontation that almost gets violent. Helena: If you come nearer, I will slap your face. Jimmy: I hope you won't make the

U5 Discussion Who Is Watchnig You Example

U5 Discussion Who Is Watchnig You Example U5 Discussion Who Is Watchnig You – Coursework Example al Affiliation Employee Monitoring Employee Monitoring Today productivity at the work place has become a major concernespecially to employers. A lot of time in the workplace is at times lost with employees in the internet and making calls using the business resources. This does not only lead to loss of resources but also means the pay is not equal to the work. This makes employee monitoring crucial and is at many times considered a healthy business practice. The California Public Utilities Commission General Order 107-B states that when phone conversations are monitored, either for quality purposes or for employee monitoring, both parties must be notified of the recording either by playing a recorded message or use of a phone beep that informs the parties of the recording. Various technologies are available for employee monitoring today. Most common is the use of CCTV cameras that are strategically placed around the work place, not only for security purposes but also help in monitori ng what the employee is engaged in. When it comes to the internet, some companies use software to block connections to websites that are not helpful to the employee. There is other software that automatically monitors their employees email. Most employers monitor their employees’ phone conversations especially those made on business phones. There is also software that monitors what an employee stores on the computers’ hard disks and what is displaying on their computer screens. There is other software that helps employers monitor the amount of time the employee spends away from his or her working terminal. It is prudent for a company to keep its records and data bases safe. It must limit the access of its employees to the company’s records to only that which an employee requires. Employees are known to sell of crucial company information to its competitors and also blackmail superiors using access to the database when they are away of a malpractice. In monitorin g of a hundred employees in the workplace, video cameras around the workplace would make sure of monitoring of both online and offline employees. There is also need to monitor emails sent from their computers especially to clients to make sure of no malpractice. Internet sites that are not beneficial to the employee would have to be blocked; this includes pornographic sites and some social sites. The company’s database would have to be restricted to only a few employees especially senior management.

The distribution of Gun making and how companies launch gun safety Essay

The distribution of Gun making and how companies launch gun safety programs - Essay Example However there has been a launch on the gun safety programs that have instigated various distribution strategies.The action program has a very effective current distribution strategy. The strategy ensures that the program will work so as to bring very significant changes in the way in which the gun industry makes its distribution of the firearms. The strategy aims at limiting the ease with which the juveniles and the criminals can obtain the guns since this is a very critical issue globally.On the other hand the strategy regulates the gun manufacturers who distribute guns through systems that are known to divert a large numbers of the guns to the illegal secondary markets. Similarly the strategy focuses on reducing the steady supply of the weapons to the criminals and the juveniles and also the circumventing of the federal and state laws that have been designed to prevent the acquisition of the guns by such individuals. The action program has the following strategies in gun distributi on ... Legislative strategies- this strategies are laid down so as to ensure that there is prevention of child access to the guns, there is restriction of the guns possession on the juveniles, there is Limitation of concealed weapons, there are requirements for the background checks on the guns and also waiting periods, there is licensing on gun owners and there are limits in purchases of the private gun. Community based prevention strategies- these strategies provides alternatives for the youths through programs such as community policing through which the distribution of the illegal firearms is directly monitored by the members of the community. This could however limit the distribution of the firearms thus providing safety to the communities. The effectiveness of the current distribution channels The current gun distribution channels make the guns available to the criminals and also the juveniles through a number of ways such as the straw purchases whereby an individual who is prohibited by the law from buying a gun has another person who completes the paperwork that is required on his behalf. (Jeff 2004) The current gun distribution channels are however very effective and they in Jeff, C. (2004): include; The corrupt dealers The straw purchases. The large volume sales The gun shows The incomplete background checks The inadequate security The unsafe designs The whistle blower revelations This reveals that there are counter marketing strategies which have been instigated so as to discourage the demand of the guns from the unwanted customers as well as discourage the sales of the guns from also the unwanted customers. The channels that are currently being used have a frame work that do not safeguard the fire arms manufacturers and the

Elements of a business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Elements of a business plan - Essay Example Elements of a business plan Starting a business enterprise is a process that requires concerted efforts in order for the initiative to be a success. As such, this report seeks to critically evaluate the reasons why it is important for a new start up business to create a comprehensive business plan. Basically, a business plan is an outline of a business idea which seeks to justify the reason behind starting that particular business. Internally, the business plan helps to shape direction upon which the organisation will operate and externally, it helps in linking with the stakeholders. In order to establish the significance of a comprehensive business plan in a start up business, it is imperative to begin by explaining the meaning of planning which is regarded as the key term in this discussion in order to gain a full understanding of the whole concept. â€Å"Planning includes defining goals, establishing strategy and developing plans to coordinate activities†. In the same vein, Bates et al (2006) concur with this idea when they state that planning which is concerned with generation of ideas is regarded as the starting point of establishing a business as well as managing it. In actual fact, before starting a business, one needs to determine in advance the goals to be achieved as well as to visualise likely result of the objectives for the business enterprise. Therefore, it can be safely said that planning is a process whereby objectives are decided upon and developing the plans to reach them as well as to coordinate other activities. Planning can be said to be very important in a business venture because it gives people in a particular organisation an idea of the direction in which business will be going. 2. Strategic objectives A comprehensive business plan is very important in every business given that it outlines the objectives of that particular business venture. Essentially, every business is in existence because of a purpose. In most cases, the major aim of business is to generate profits through revenue that is generated from its operations (Armstrong & Kotler, 2004). Basically, the objectives of the business venture are clearly stated in its mission statement and are emphasised in the vision of the organisation. The mission of the organisation clearly outlines the purpose of a particular business and this is where objectives are also stated. The vision of any business enterprise is to detail the plans as well as the measures that can be taken in order to achieve the set goals. This may not be possible without a comprehensive bu siness plan which details the measures as well as the steps that can be taken towards attainment of the set goals. 3. Market analysis Planning is very important because it gives the people in the organisation an idea of the direction in which the business is going (Bates, 2006). However, there are likely problems to be encountered during the operations of the business enterprise given that it operates in an environment that is characterised by various factors. As such, a comprehensive business plans details a critical analysis of the environment in which the organisation is operating. In this case, a SWOT analysis is very important since constitutes the comprehensive plan of the

Relations between teachers and principalsfrom teachers perceptions Essay

Relations between teachers and principalsfrom teachers perceptions - Essay Example Training and qualifying them and raising their social rank are one of the most important issues and priorities of the authorities responsible for education in the world. The school manager has a leading role in dealing with teachers, as s/he must work seriously to facilitate the obstacles and difficulties in order to make the teachers achieve their goals for the interest of the educational operation in the school. S/he should be an effective and interactive manager keen on assisting occupational growth and providing the proper atmosphere for the educational operation. S/he should also accommodate the teachers in the major decisions related to student’s education (Hargreaves & Bascia, 2000). The school manager holds a unique position in the administration of the school. In a way, the manager is needed by all and is gifted with the knowledge and skills so that they not only manage the other people that come under their umbrella effectively, but also perform their assigned tasks (Nakpodia, 2010). In order to perform the task smoothly the manager has to show good leadership behaviour. This managing power helps them to handle the relationship with the teachers perfectly. Likewise, they are also able to run and excel the organization. In case when the manager fails to run the school smoothly, this means they are not able to show leadership qualities with their teachers (Maleke, 2003). The main aim of the research is to explore the nature of the relationship between the teachers and the principals and the impact of their relationship on the learning of the students. Research questions: 1. What is the nature of the relationship between teachers and the principal? 2. How, if at all, does this impact on student learning? 3. In what ways, if at all, are teachers rewarded for their work? b- The Country and the School: The teaching profession is considered one of the most important, dangerous, and responsible professions in all countries because the teacher actually is the one who prepares the country and its generations to be able to bear burdens of work, building, and development in all fields required for the nation. Therefore, the school manager has many duties in developing the teachers and their capabilities through educational efficiencies that include two important aspects: the knowledge aspect and the behavioural aspect (Al-Khatib, 2003). The recent educational reforms by the Saudi Arabian government have focused on the leadership role of the managers. This is because the responsibility of initiating school improvement efforts and the maintenance of the school effectiveness lies with the managers of the school. Additionally, the research designates that the manager is a key leader in development of the excellent schools, and in due course good educational institutes will ultimately give a constructive hand in the development of excellent country. Hence, the managers of the schools should adopt their complex roles so that they can be ab le to work with the teachers in harmony and dig out the best out of them. Moreover, the teachers should also understand the importance of the skills that will help them to excel in the school. Thus, the development of such skills can help them to become a significant factor in building a productive and fruitful environment of the school. 2- Previous Studies: There was a variation in the studies, both

Child Labour: Causes and Impacts

Child Labour: Causes and Impacts Child labour is a global issue that is becoming increasingly common in modern society due to implicating factors such as labour law/ employment protection, poverty, and the economy (i.e. supply and demand for goods and services). Child labour refers to the employment of young people in jobs that are considered to be illegal and/or exploitive. Including (however not limited to): agriculture, manufacturing, mining and quarrying, prostitution/sexual exploitation and domestic service. This map in which displays the 2014 child labour index has data categories ranging between Extreme Risk, High Risk, Medium Risk, Low Risk and no data/ not applicable. There are concentrations of extreme risk areas across the entire world, centralized in predominantly Northern South America i.e. Brazil and Bolivia, Central America i.e. Mexico and Guatemala, The majority of Africa excluding anomalies sparsely scattered on the periphery of Africa (predominantly in the extreme Northern and extreme Southern area s) including South Africa, Libya and Gabon, Far East Europe, Northern and Southern Asia excluding central countries such as Kazakhstan and Mongolia, and random scatterings in South-East Asia. The top three extreme risk counties in the world are located in the Northeastern periphery of Africa (Eritrea), The Eastern North East periphery of Africa (Somalia) and lastly the core of Africa (Democratic republic of Congo). This displays a central clustered pattern of extreme risk areas in Africa on a global scale. High-risk zones are scattered randomly across the globe, including: within the remainder of South America (the areas that have not already been mentioned as extreme risk), Southern Africa, far Eastern Europe and the remainder of Asia (the areas that have not already been mentioned as extreme risk). Areas that are of low or medium risk include Central and Northern North America, Central and Western Europe, New Zealand and Australia. Lastly there are anomalies in which have no data regarding their child labour statistics including but not limited to: Western Sahara and Greenland. This can be as a result of low population and therefore sparse data collection, data censorship, or in terms of less economically developed countries, not enough funding. Overall the pattern is generally clustered in the core, South-western and North-eastern segments of the map with a holistically dense scattering of child labour across the globe. Factors Poverty Poverty can be defined as a state of being extremely ‘poor’, having inadequate living necessities such as: food, water, shelter, money, goods or means of support. The particular factor of child labour has helped to shape the pattern of this global issue as displayed through the relation between their patterns. Concentrations of risk for child labour are generally compliant to that of poverty rate, the relation being that as poverty rate increases, so does Child labour risk. With the exception of certain anomalies, which do not comply with the shared general trend of poverty and child, labour e.g. China. The most prominent concentrations of child labour on a global scale can be found in Africa with the top three worst recorded child labour index’s being centralized in: Eritrea, Somalia and the Democratic republic of Congo. This relates to multiple independent studies on the poverty rate, which suggest that the proportion of poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa is currentl y the highest in the world, therefore showing an interaction between the three highest risk areas for child labour, and poverty rate. Other global regions poverty statistics (apart from Sub-Saharan Africa) which are displayed in the graph of ‘Extreme Poverty Falls in Every Region of the Developing World’ include: Asia (excluding India), South-Eastern Asia, Eastern Asia (China only) Western Asia, Latin America (and the Caribbean), Sub-Saharan Africa and lastly Northern Africa. All of the regions mentioned for being of the worst poverty rates in the world correspond directly to the concentrations of extreme risk and high risk (high risk being the minority) child labour regions, therefore finalizing the proof of a relationship between poverty and Child labour. Countries that are considered as below the poverty line consist of families within financial struggle who are unable to obtain a sustainable income and further-more basic living necessities such as sanitation, safe-d rinking water, food, and shelter. This lack of essential human requirements results in a need for alternate finance, which in some cases is then derived from their children. They are forced to expose their children to child labour in order to gain finance to support their families, which shows a direct interaction between poverty and child labour. However there are also other aspects of poverty in which lead to child labour including lack of education. Lack of education being one of the many measures of poverty, which can result in children being used for cheap labour as opposed to gaining an education. Lack of education occurs due to either communal financial struggle meaning that they are unable to fund a schooling system or individual financial struggle in which individual families cannot afford to send their children to school which once again results in their children becoming victims of child labour. Labour law/ employment protection The labour law/ employment protection within a country is a primary contributor to the pattern of child labour risk globally. This is because a country in which has un protected worker rights, is a country that leaves their citizens helpless against employment exploitation such as child labour. There are a number of independent studies that take place with regards to employment rights, one of which is carried out by The Institute of Global Labour and Human Rights. This institute acts to investigate employment protection and rights amongst developing countries. Developing nations are under scrutiny for their labour laws more so than developed nations as less economically developed countries tend to be more prone to seeking out cheap labour due to their still developing businesses and corporations. Still developing in the sense that they are a predominantly primary industry meaning that the profit from their efforts in minimal as they are not selling a final product (which is where the majority of profit is coming in from) and rather are a small part of a larger process. Another reason this study focuses on whether or not less economically developed countries in particular abide by the labour laws in place is because often one of the reasons for a country being less developed is due to government instability which influences enforcement of labour laws. This is because an instable government tends to have less general control over its citizens therefore making them less likely to be able to enforce laws upon civilians and protect the rights of their workers, maximising chance of human rights breach. In the same breath, bribery is also often present within an instable government meaning that corporations often have the ability to use bribery in exchange for the dismissal of their employment exploitation. Less economically developed regions are located approximately within: Latin America, Southern Asia, Far Eastern Europe, and Africa. These regions are all densely c lustered with child labour at both high and extreme risk levels, displaying an interaction between the areas under suspicion for labour rights breach and the areas of high/extreme risk of child labour. This therefore shows the implications that labour laws and employment rights can have on child labour, because (as discussed previously) the areas that are less developed are at higher risk of their labour laws being breached due to the requirement for cheap labour amongst developing nations combined with the possibility of government instability which results in lack of protection for workers. However more developed countries such as New Zealand, Australia, and Canada in which have a stable democratic political leaders, have laws placed with the intent of protecting the rights of workers rights, and they have the ability to enforce these laws. These same developed countries are also included in the low risk concentrations of child labour dispersed globally once again displaying the d irect interaction between a countries labour laws/ employment rights and the pattern displaying risk of child labour on a global spectrum. Economy The economy plays a huge part in shaping the pattern of child labour found globally, the sparsely and densely concentrated areas as well as the general dispersal. The success of a world economy can result in child labour in a number of different ways, such as through supply and demand, and general economic change. The general increase in global economy creates competition between countries in order to produce and sell more goods and services in order to enable economic stability within the country and create more employment opportunities. However this increased magnitude of employment opportunities is one of the factors in which helped to shape the pattern of child labour globally. This is due to the fact that the economic growth occurring in present times in developed countries enhances the demand for goods and services to be produced at a low cost.. The demand for commodities to be produced at a low price is one of the influences of child labour within less economically developed n ations. This is because although goods and services are readily accessible to developed countries, they demand for less costly commodities which is produced through one or multiple different less economically developed countries before being exported to a more developed country which then sells it for a far greater profit than what they initially obtained it for, strengthening the economy of already developed nations and depleting the economy of less developed nations. Less economically developed regions are located approximately within: Latin America, Southern Asia, Far Eastern Europe, and Africa. These regions are all densely clustered with child labour at both high and extreme risk levels, due to the economic factors previously discussed. However, this is not the only trend that has helped form the global pattern of child labour. Urbanisation is a process, which by extension, can result in a higher risk of child labour. This is because within less developed countries, the population is often self-sufficient or work in independent agricultural businesses. However due to peoples perspectives on the gradual improvement of the economic environment, and the benefits of a paying job versus a self-sufficient farming life, urbanisation rates are increasing and people are progressing from being self-sufficient to dependent on an employer and income. However as a result of the ever-changing economic environment, urbanisation is risky as often, due to the fluctuations of economy they risk unemployment, which can lead to poverty and their children being forced into child labour as a result, which displays how the economy with relation to urbanisation, helps shape the pattern of child labour globally. Significance Economic The significance of child labour on the economy is enormous in terms of the affects that it has on the economy. Despite child labour being a form of modern slavery, which is highly illegal and inhumane, it generally has a positive affect on the global economy. This is because regions in which practice child labour have the ability to greaten their GDP as they are generally producing and exporting commodities at a faster rate and a greater magnitude. This allowing for an economic increase within the countries affected by child labour. More economically developed countries also receive economic benefits as a result of child labour as they are able to imports goods at a far cheaper rate than if the commodities had come from a corporation in which pays their workers a higher salary, spends more money on safety precautions, facilities and materials/supplies. This improves the economy, as developed countries are able to spend less money on the imported items and there fore expand to a grea ter profit margin, further developing their corporations and businesses, economic environment. Although the economic affects of child labour are generally positive, there are negative aspects including the fact that because the products are coming from these primary industries in which have few resources and sparsely educated, pre-adolescent staff, the goods are not always of the same quality/ value that they would have been, had they have been made in better conditions by a more knowledgeable staff. The affect of this lack of quality is that some corporations will opt for a more expensive alternative that tends to last longer as opposed to buying the products produced by cheap labour, which would ultimately reverse the positive affects of child labour. However this reigns true only for a minority allowing to conclude the significance of child labour within the economy in predominantly positive. Social The significance of child labour socially in terms of a global spectrum can include aspects such as: Dehumanisation, Breech of human rights, and the promotion of child exploitation/abuse (especially within families and communities). As a result of child labour, socially, we are dehumanising both the recipients of child labour produced products as well as the children who are being exposed to this form of labour. This is due to the fact that the people who are receiving these products are often knowledgeable of its origins, and still choose to purchase it regardless. Also, children who are working in child labour environments are trapped within a form of modern slavery in which they are forced and obligated to complete work tasks in which are out of the normal social guidelines for their age: i.e. getting an education and developing their social skills. This leads to dehumanisation as child labour has changed social regulations in order to make it appropriate to dismiss the compassion and sympathy that humans are meant to feel for each other. Another social implication is the fact that child labour is a clear breech of human rights, as any involuntary act that a person is forced to do is against their right as a human-being, as well as the fact that often they are denied their education, social life, and childhood, which is also a breech of their rights. Lastly, the occurrence of child labour promotes exploitation and abuse amongst families and entire communities. Often child labour is caused by parents who send their children into labour due to the fact that they need the extra salary in order to survive, regardless of this fact, a parent sending their children into child labour is a form a abuse as they are exploiting their children in order to gain finance. The same can be said for a community who allows child labour to occur, displaying the social significance of child labour on a global spectrum. Bibliography: Galli, R. (2001). The Economic impact of child labour. Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/dgreports/inst/documents/publication/wcms_193680.pdf Multiple authors from ILO, Child Labour. Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.ilo.org/ipec/facts/langen/index.htm Srivastava, Kalpana. Child Labour Issues and Challenges. Industrial Psychiatry Journal. Medknow Publications Media Pvt Ltd, 2011. Web. 5 May 2015. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425238/>. Latest Products and Reports. Child Labour Index. Maplecroft, 2013. Web. 2 May 2015. http://maplecroft.com/portfolio/new-analysis/2013/10/15/child-labour-risks-increase-china-and-russia-most-progress-shown-south-america-maplecroft-index/>. Naeem, Zahid, Faiza Shaukat, and Zubair Ahmed. Child Labor in Relation to Poverty. International Journal of Health Sciences. Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2011. Web. 2 May 2015. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3533357/>. Varma, Bhakati. Child Labour and Its Impact on Economic Growth. Child Labour and Its Impact on Economic Growth. Slideshare, 2011. Web. 5 May 2015. http://www.slideshare.net/BhaktiVarma/child-labour-and-its-impact-on-economic-growth-9225274>.

autism Essay examples -- essays research papers

Autism Research Paper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Autism is a neurological disorder that was identified by Dr. Leo Kanner 50 years ago. Autism can affect someone very mildly or severally and it can effect language, communication, and/or gross motor skills. It is the most devastating disorder a child could have and it also is devastating for the family. There is no medicine and no cure for autism but there are glutton free diets that help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People with autism can look normal but they lack communication skills and are withdrawn within there own world. Many people with autism usually have rituals or they do the same thing constantly which makes them need constant supervision from their parents or state agencies. Children with autism usually don’t ever use creative or imaginative play. They also need to be taught everything that they know. There is an estimated 400,000 autistic people in the U.S. from any ethnic or racial background. The social, emotional, and financial costs of autism to the family and to state or federal agencies is very high. Autism affects its victims in a wide variety of ways. Some do well in special supportive environments, other are completely independent and function fairly well, and still others may never learn to talk or be able to work or live independently. It is common for an autistic person to avoid being touched because of a strong sense of touch. A light touch to most people may hurt an autistic person. Yet some a...

Jose de San Martin Essay

In Argentina war of independence was fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine forces under Jose de San Martin against royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown. On July 9, 1816, an assembly met in San Miguel de Tucuman, declared full independence with provisions for a national constitution. Chile This war of independence was an armed conflict between the people of Chile and Spanish colonial authorities, which started on September 10, 1810 and extended until 1821. A declaration of independence was officially issued by Chile on February 12,1818 and formally recognized by Spain in 1840, when full diplomatic relations ( conducting negotiations between representatives of groups or states) were established. Peru The Napoleonic invasion of the Iberian Peninsula should have led to a degradation of royal power, but since nearby Upper Peru was under the attack of armies from Buenos Aires, the Peruvian oligarchs supported the royalist cause. Fear of indigenous rebellion also remained from the 1780-1781 revolt that was headed by Jose Gabriel â€Å"Tupac Amaru† Condorcanqui. Finally, the viceroys of Peru traditionally had the support of the Lima oligarchs because of their opposition to the commercial interests of Buenos Aires and Chile. Therefore, the Viceroyalty of Peru became the last redoubt of the Spanish Monarchy in South America. Nevertheless, a Creole rebellion arose in 1812 in Huanuco and another in Cusco between 1814 and 1816. Both were suppressed. These rebellions were supported by the armies of Buenos Aires. Peru finally succumbed after the decisive continental campaigns of Jose de San Martin (1820–1823) and Simon Bolivar (1824). While San Martin was in charge of the land campaign, a newly built Chilean Navy led by Lord Cochrane transported the fighting troops and launched a sea campaign against the Spanish fleet in the Pacific. San Martin, who had displaced the royalists of Chile after the Battle of Maipu, and who had disembarked in Paracas in 1820, proclaimed the independence of Peru in Lima on July 28, 1821. Four years later, the Spanish Monarchy was defeated definitively at the Battle of Ayacucho. After independence, the conflicts of interests that faced different sectors of Creole Peruvian society and the particular ambitions of the caudillos, made the organization of the country excessively difficult. Only three civilians—Manuel Pardo, Nicolas de Pierola and Francisco Garcia Calderon—acceded to the presidency in the first seventy-five years of Peru’s independence. The Republic of Bolivia was created from Upper Peru. In 1837 a Peru-Bolivian Confederation was also created but was dissolved two years later due to Chilean military intervention

Books and Ebooks Essay

In time of technical progress e-books are getting more popular day by day, but still most of the people prefer hard copy of books and do not support new fashion wave. Book has always been the best present for any kind of occasion, it is something that does not have an expiration date and it will always be in fashion. However, you cannot give e-book as present, of course you can send my e-mail, but you cannot put your sign and it sort of loosing meaning as a present, because you cannot touch it. On the other hand prices for e-books are lower and you can get a variety of free e-books, so everyone can enjoy literature from all of the world, but you should have special gadget to read e-books, and it is additional expanses for reading. In contrast, printed books are sort of pricy, and you cannot buy as much books as you want, as a result you are not trying to read new authors whose creations had not become bestsellers. Spending money on books is good investing, because you can collect a library and after you can leave it for next generations, as I mentioned before book is the product that does not have an expiration date. Having your library in an electronic devise it is a risky business, by reason on viruses that attacking devises every day and deleting all information from them or you can just loose an e-reader with all your book collection. Also hard copy book does not need to be charged and you can read as much as you want and wherever you want, unlike e-book is charging from electricity.

Was Daniel OConnell a Great Irish National Leader Essay Example

Was Daniel OConnell a Great Irish National Leader Essay Example Was Daniel OConnell a Great Irish National Leader Essay Was Daniel OConnell a Great Irish National Leader Essay The rebellion of 1798 and the Act of Union in 1800 had dashed the hopes of the Catholic leaders on the Irish Question, the Catholics were in a state of vassalage and they were still pariahs compared with the Protestants. Many of the leaders had accomplished very little and their prospects of success looked very bleak, they were even willing to support a compromise Emancipation Bill which, even though granted political and civil rights to the Catholics, included a veto which allowed the British government the right to vet ecclesiastical appointments to the Roman Catholic Church in order to ensure that only loyal clerics were appointed. But Daniel OConnell, an unknown Catholic lawyer, denounced the bill and inaugurated a different policy that soon gave the Catholic movement an energy it had not possessed before. With the failure of the 1821 Catholic Emancipation Bill (which included the above veto) to pass through the House of Lords, OConnell and his supporters set up the Catholic Association in 1823 as a pressure group campaigning for full civil and political rights for the Catholics. But it was in 1824 where OConnell introduced Catholic Rent of a penny a month that was collected by priests from the supporters and enabled the small pressure group to transform into a national mass movement with huge support from the Irish peasantry. The Catholic Association was able to represent the popular voice of Ireland due to its cheap subscription of a penny a month which many people could afford as 80% were living in dire poverty, other associations were not so successful as they were only made up of the small Irish middle class. The massive subscription allowed the Catholic Association to have sizeable funds that equated to  £35,000 between 1826 and 1829, this enabled the Association to pay for leaflets, posters and even to be able to run their own newspaper which all helped to spread the message throughout Ireland. OConnell also realised the important role of the priests who not only collected the rent but also influenced the people to join the Association. One of the Associations most effective methods of generating awareness was by holding massive open-air meetings that OConnell addressed himself. OConnell, using his skill as a lawyer, was an excellent orator and was known to the peasantry as the Deliverer as he demanded justice for Ireland and full Catholic Emancipation. OConnell was very successful with the Catholic Association as he was able to successfully mobilise the masses and use the open-air meetings to veil his threats to the British government. He threatened the British with mass disobedience, possible violence and eventual separation if their demands were not met. This was a policy of brinkmanship which OConnell used successfully to exploit his mass following. In 1828 brinkmanship was used in the County Clare Elections where OConnell decided to stand as candidate, with the backing of the Association and local priests, the Catholic voters defied their Protestant landlords and OConnell won the seat with ease. This posed a huge problem for the government as OConnell would not have been able to take a seat in the commons without a change of law, so effectively he forced Catholic Emancipation on Peel. Peel backed down after realising the threat of civil disorder and pushed emancipation through the House of Lords, the Lords passed the Catholic Emancipation bill by a two to one majority and it became an act in 1829. The Act allowed full civil and political rights to Roman Catholics and was OConnells greatest achievement as this was what the Association had set out to achieve. He claimed to a friend one of the greatest triumphs recorded in history- a bloodless revolution. In 1840 OConnell began the Repeal Campaign which was very similar to the Catholic Association and employed similar methods such as the Repeal Rent. But unlike the Association it collapsed as OConnell himself was not too committed with the Campaign and also the Catholic middle classes were more concerned about economic gains from the Union. OConnell again used his policy of brinkmanship but this time it was not successful, in 1843 the monster meeting in Clontarf was banned by Peel and Peel threaten military action by sending a small army and a naval ship. In this confrontation we see the limitations of mass mobilisation and brinkmanship as OConnell is forced to back down, as he is not prepared to back up his rhetoric with violence. So the Repeal Campaign was a failure for OConnell. The Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 had an important impact on Westminster as it led to the split of the Tory Party with the emergence of the new Whig Party, and also allowed 33 OConnellites to take seats in the House of Commons. The Irish Party looked set to continue increasing its size with the passing of the Great Reform Act in 1832 which increased the franchise, but in fact only an extra 9 OConnellites were elected. The main reason for this was because the franchise was increased from 40 shillings freehold to a  £10 householder suffrage which dramatically reduced the Irish electorate to a sixth of its former size. Nevertheless the Irish Party still had an impact on the House of Commons where they put the Irish Question on the agenda and raised awareness in Britain, but they were also an important third party as it was their support which allowed the Whigs to get the Great Reform Bill through Westminster. This was the beginning of the Whig-Irish alliance. In 1813 OConnell said: I have an ultimate object, it is the Repeal of the Union and this was clearly what OConnell wanted to achieve through Parliament but this was not popular outside of Ireland. Therefore OConnell turned his attention to reforms for Ireland and the Whigs did address some of the Irish grievances by introducing a grant for education in 1831 and by passing the Irish Church Bill they reformed the unrepresentative Church of Ireland. OConnell saw, with the massive defeat of the Repeal Bill in 1834, that Irish reforms was all he could achieve even though his partys support was crucial, after 1834, for the Whigs to stay in power. In February of 1834 OConnell was invited to sign The Litchfield House Compact which was an agreement between the anti-conservative forces (Whigs, radicals and Irish) in British politics to form a coalition and oust Peels minority administration. This gave OConnell some political leverage which he used to get reforms. This allowed him to make a significant impact on Parliament and permitted him to achieve something for Ireland, though it was not much and none of the reforms dealt with the fundamental problems of the Irish economy and society. Though the year 1840 shows the decline of the Whig-Irish alliance as in 1841 Peel returned to office with a majority and the Irish Party lost its significance and thus also lost its impact on Westminster. There were major political differences between Peel and OConnell and Peel personally hated OConnell so the Irish Party were unable to cooperate with the new government. This shows that OConnell only made an impact during hung parliament where his partys support was the deciding factor. Though OConnell did achieve some reforms, these included the Irish Poor Law Act which set up workhouses in 1838 and he used his political leverage to persuade Thomas Drummond to reform the police and the judiciary in Ireland. Even though Daniel OConnell failed to achieve the Repeal of the Union he was still a great leader, he had built a rapport with the masses and began the first effective pressure group by forming the Catholic Association. But instead of becoming a great Irish national leader, he became a great Irish national Catholic leader as he rather divided the two religious communities with methods such as the Catholic Association. OConnell achieved a lot for Ireland, making an impact on the parliamentary scene and helped to bring about some legislative reforms, though his greatest accomplishment was the Catholic Emancipation Act. But after 1840 he failed to achieve anything more as the Repeal Campaign was a dismal success and he was politically impotent during the Great Famine.

Compare and contrast two theories of child development. Drawing upon Essay

Compare and contrast two theories of child development. Drawing upon your study and research , justify your preference for one - Essay Example But, some organisations use the term infant from birth to age of three. Increased research and interest in the field of child development has resulted in new theories and strategies. But, among all these, theories proposed by Piaget and Vygotsky are most popular. Developmental stages In a new born child, process of connecting the nerve cells are rapid during the first 18 months, and sound, smell, sight, taste, and touch are the ways baby learn about the world. As babies learn to sit up, crawl, stand and then walk, the possibilities quickly expand, and are ready to experiment with toys and other materials. Generally the brain of the toddler is twice as active as adult, and during the period between 18 months to three years, structures of the brain that is sensitive to language and social emotional response develop.   The age between three to six years is the fastest growth period for the frontal lobe networks in a child, and the actions such as memory, processing, and problem solvin g are increasing during this period. During the preschool years, imagination and interaction play starting roles (Child Development Institute, 2010).   In the age of six to nine years, children are in the primary grades, and have gotten the hang of basic dexterity, language, and social skills. During this period they are eager to practice and refine them, and they like to challenge themselves, intellectually, with puzzles and games that test their growing knowledge. The maturation of the frontal lobe continues even in the adolescence period which falls from the age of nine to fourteen years.  During this age emotional regulation becomes greater, spatial working memory improves, speed and efficiency of thought increases, planning and problem solving skills increase, and scientific reasoning and ability to understand one's own thinking develops (Child Development Institute, 2010).   Piaget theory Piaget’s view of how child’s mind work and develop has been enormousl y influential, especially in educational theory. As he says, children cannot take certain tasks until they are psychologically mature enough to do so. According to Piaget, the mental development of a child is purely internal, individualist, and self directed. For understanding something new, child must construct it itself, and have to re-invent it. Whenever we teach something to the child he/she keep from inventing it itself (Ginsbury, H. Opper, S, 1979). Piaget Cognitive Development Stages. Source: Child Development Institute Almost all child progress through four different stages and they are all very distinct stages regard to cognitive development. The first stage is sensor motor, second stage is preoperational, third one is concrete operational and fourth one is formal operational. This is popularly known as Piaget’s stage theory as it deals with four stages of development (ECheat.com, 2005). The first stage in the child’s cognitive development is sensor motor. It occurs from birth to the age of two. During this period the child basically deals with what is presented to it, and learn about physical objects and is concerned with motor skills and the consequences of some of their actions. So, in this stage child would learn the concept of object permanence. The preoperational stage is the second stage of cognitive develop

Political Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Political Morality - Essay Example t of knowing whether the public require to know about politician’s private lives only during the time when this information is important for assessing their capability to be elected into office. Consequently, I do not agree with this claim. In fact, the public require knowing the private lives of politicians all the times. Even such things as the politician’s sexual relationships and private finances have to be known to the public especially when they have a connection with the management of public resources. Dimensions of privacy and publicity Social practices and activities of public life versus private life have a wide range of domain. There are however, three broad dimensions of these forms of life. These are access, agency, and interest. Access refers to visibility of resources and information. Agency refers to the control and capacities, which political agents enjoy while interest refers to the relevance of resource utilization (Benn and Gaus, 1983). Access, also known as visibility involves many things. First, it involves the people physically accessing such spaces as beaches, theatres. If the access is public, then it means that anyone has the right to space. On the other hand, if access is private, it means that group, or someone has access right. In this case, such a person can allow or deny others access. Access to space does not come in as far as the need to know more about a politician is concerned. In any case, the politician does not wait until the public is aware so that he or she can get into such spaces as theatres or beaches. These are recreational places and politicians have the right to get entertained. This right does not affect the management of public resources in any way. In fact, it is considered in remuneration. This is why every employee has entertainment allowance (Benn & Gaus, 1983). Secondly, it involves people accessing social activities like public meeting. For public meeting, anyone has the right of

Computer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer - Essay Example The main reason I would not save my digital photos on Internet storage after reading Coates’ article is the inference Internet storage can be more beneficial to businesses than individuals. If I only considered this argument, then I would take the AOL route. However, I continued my research. I took a look at http://www.drivehq.com/secure/signup.aspx?refID=28050 which is Drive Headquarters. This storage system allowed for 1GB Free, 1GB + 1GB Free for $2.99/Month or $29.99/Year, 2GB + 1GB Free for $4.99/Month or $49.99, 5GB +1GB Free for $7.99/Month or $79.99/Year, 10GB for $12.99/Month or $129.99/Year, or 20GB for $19.99/Month or $199.99/Year. This option allowed for a registration with a name, email, and TOS agreement. Individuals signing up must have a valid email address which would require validation. The second website I researched was https://www.box.net/signup/g which is the location of Box.net. This Internet storage site has three options for storage; Individual, Professional, and Business. All options have a fourteen day free trial. After the free trial Individuals pay $9.95, Professionals pay $19.95, and Businesses pay $15.00 per month. Individuals get 5GB, Professionals receive 15GB, and Business receive 30GB+. The registration requires a name, email address, and phone number. There is also an space for a promo code. This service also provides live customer support. Drive Headquarters is cheaper, but does not have the support Box.net. I would also choose Box.net because it is more generated toward individuals. Online storage advantageous by freeing up computer hard drive space. The disadvantages include high costs and possible hacking by a third party. I would not advise a friend to use Internet storage due to the whole concept is more business friendly. For digital pictures and important files, I will continue to email them to my email address saving them as I go. Bayerische Asphalt-Mischwerke is a German

Othello (How Is He Lead to His Demise) Essay Example for Free

Othello (How Is He Lead to His Demise) Essay Shakespearean writing are ones of which, with a few strokes of a pen, can achieve more than novelists can achieve in a full length novel. Shakespeare’s writing is complex and includes great measures of love, hatred, loyalty, deception and betrayal. These traits of his texts are all evident in Othello. In Act 1, Othello is perceived as a noble moor. With Shakespeare’s invention of the manipulating and cunning Iago, the multi-layered use of Othello’s mothers handkerchief, and Othello’s past military training being resurfaced due to Iago’s lies, all lead Othello to his demise. Deception and betrayal are two of Iago’s worst traits when he is outranked by Cassio. Iago’s capacity for cruelty appears limitless, and no motivation he gives for his actions seems enough to explain the incredible destruction he wreaks on the lives of the people he knows best. His bitterness in not succeeding on becoming lieutenant is not a sufficient enough reason to match his countless acts of evil machinations. Iago uses a subtle approach when provoking Othello to become untrustworthy of Desdemona. He is able to hurt Othello successfully because he understands him so much. He grows closer to Othello as the plot progresses. In Act 2, scene 1 Iago states, â€Å"The moor, howbeit that I endure him not, is of constant, loving, noble nature†. These 3 adjectives indicate his awareness of Othello’s character. As Iago therefore continues to explain that he knows the noble moor would be a deserving husband of his wife, but then uses this knowledge to his power to play with Othello’s thoughts, using his strong love for Desdemona as a portal to self-destruction for all of those he knows best. He makes this statement in soliloquy after Othello and the entire company land on Cyprus. He is able to acknowledge that Othello is a worthy noble man, however, Iago reveals how evil and manipulating he can be, by wanting to utterly destroy Othello’s life and reputation. He is subbed when Othello gives the lieutenant’s position to Cassio. In return he makes ridiculous excuses that Othello slept with his wife Emilia, as another reason for revenge. It is all because of Iago’s cunning and evil power that he ruins these lives for his own sadistic pleasure. The noble moor is led to become the enraged murder when manipulative Iago tells Othello that Desdemona has given his mother’s handkerchief to Cassio. Act 3 Scene 3 is the beginning of Othello’s â€Å"handkerchief plot†, a seemingly insignificant event that becomes the means in which Othello, Desdemona, Cassio, Roderigo, Emilia and even Iago himself are completely undone. The handkerchief symbolizes love and with the manipulation of Iago, great depths of anger and untrustworthiness. Othello tells Desdemona that an Egyptian witch gave it to his mother, and it serves as a love charm. â€Å"Make it a darling like your precious eye. To lose’t or to give’t away were such a prediction as nothing else could match† Othello tells Desdemona. Othello’s simile here is an alarming one as it is evident that if Desdemona was to be unfaithful, the superstitious purposes can be equated in value for a precious bodily organ. Shakespeare cleverly allows this item to move amongst characters in the novel before Othello demands evidence of his wife’s disloyalty to him. Iago has already planned out his scheme before confronting Othello. Tell me but this, have you not sometimes seen a handkerchief, spotted with strawberries in your wifes hand? Iago uses this rhetorical question as a persuasive technique to make his point more believable. He explains to Othello that earlier that day he seen Cassio wipe his mouth with the handkerchief. We know that Cassio has not seen the item, and it is in Iago’s pocket whilst he asks this question. Othello is so blinded by jealousy that he accepts Iago’s lie as the strongest possible evidence. Although he forgets Desdemona tried to bind his head with it at dinner. Through this imagery and plot device we see that the importance of the handkerchief assists the noble moor in becoming the enraged murderer in scene 5. Scene 5 sees the story unfold and the main characters undone. Othello enters the room as he hovers over Desdemona whilst he tries to prepare himself to kill her. â€Å"It is the cause; it is the cause, my soul, let me not name it to you, you chaste stars! It is the cause†. This use of repetition implies Othello’s constant thought process and how he knows in his mind she has done wrong. He feels as though he must put an end to her betrayal and disloyalty, if not for himself, but for future men she may do it to. His past military training makes the killing of his wife second nature, a routine manoeuvre that’s sees the horrible deed carried out far easier than the circumstances should have allowed. â€Å"Out, strumpet! Weep’st thou for him to my face?† Desdemona is questioned by Othello, asking if she is calling for Cassio right to his face. â€Å"Down, strumpet!†. Othello proceeds to call Desdemona a whore on numerous occasions. This dramatic visualization enforces the idea that Othello has been greatly manipulated. Iago’s words have pushed him to the extent that he can no longer see Desdemona the way he once used too. His second nature of killing and military training is evident when he does not give Desdemona that chance to say a last prayer. He tells her, â€Å"It is too late†, as he smoothers her with the pillow they once both lay on together. This cruel and unfair treatment comes from what he knows best. If in danger, you must protect yourself. Although he was not in physical harm, his heart was in a much deeper pain. He used his unique skills as his defence mechanism to kill. Othello has been considered one of the most painful of Shakespeares tragedies. It explores the collapse of a proud, honourable man, the killing of a beautiful, dedicated woman, and the unreasoning hate of a â€Å"motiveless† villain. The text has evoked terror and pity in audiences throughout the centuries. Othello however holds a power that is perhaps more abrupt and strongly felt for operating on the personal, human plane.

General Kornilovs Attempt to Seize Power in 1917

General Kornilovs Attempt to Seize Power in 1917 Why had General Kornilovs attempt to seize power in 1917 not been successful? The Prelude to Bolshevism: The Kornilov Rebellion[1] is the title of one of the books written by Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky. From the title alone it shows Kornilovs view which are shared by many others that the Kornilov affair has accelerated the Bolshevik seizure of power[2]. The Kornilov affair officially started on 27th August / 09th September 1917, when the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Army, General Lavr Georgiyevich Kornilov, brought a troops to Petrograd although he had been dismissed by Alexander Kerensky, the head of the Provisional Government at the time[3]. The Kornilov Affair is regarded by many historians as one of the turning points in the rise of Bolshevik Party after a short slump after July Days and consequently towards the event in October 1917. After the Kornilov affair, the Bolshevik Party aligned with various members of society and gaining their supports in assisting to toppling the already crippled Provisional Government. Despite its importance, the affair (which also referred as a coup detat or a revolt) is historically unclear different interpretations but with no concrete evidences. The accounts contradicted with each other and this led to historical debates which were dominantly discussed the different arguments brought up by Abraham Ascher and Lenoid Strakhovsky. Ascher is highly critical on Kornilov, stating that he conspired to take the power as part of his ambitious plan; whereas Strakhovsky challenged this by arguing that Kerensky had staged this whole affair and betrayed Kornilovs goodwill to prevent Bolshevism from taking root.[4] Both have used Kornilovs dismissal by Kerensky as a justification for their action the former argues that by refusing to accept the dismissal it was a proof to Kerenskys suspicion[5]. The latter, on the other hand, sympathises Kornilovs assumption that Kerensky had been influenced by the Soviet and it was his duty to protect Russia.[6] Aside from these two, a so mewhat completely different from the previous two, where they are not the main actor: it stemmed out from a misunderstanding with the former Procurator of the Holy Synod, V.N. Lvovs involvement[7], Kornilov claimed that Kerensky through Lvov offered choices of who should be in power[8], whereas Lvov claimed that Kornilov ordered him to tell Kerensky his demand for military dictatorship[9]. Lvovs real involvement is still debated. The more balanced interpretation by Harvey Asher, suggests that Kornilov was convinced that the government supported his march after several people had visited him including Lvov. Moreover, Asher suggests that they conspired together to restore peoples trust towards the government, although Kerensky later pulled out.[10] These debates show partly the existing tension and division between the two actors which led to the failure of the coup. These tensions were an open opportunity for the Bolshevik Party could exploit especially when Kerensky appealed to the Petrograd Soviet to defend the capital. This led to the physical reason for this failure: the quick mass mobilisation by the Bolshevik Party. It could be regarded as a mistake made by Kerensky as the rearmament of the Bolshevik Military Organisation would led to his and the Provisional Government downfall later in October. His fear of being overthrown by Kornilov a person who he had been having quarrel with[11] and a right-wing[12] and his will to elevate Provisional Governments reputation[13] might have clouded his judgement. The lack of trust and doubt amongst each other Kerenskys failure to read the mood of the situation he was in and overestimating his and general disorganisation were also the reasons for the coups failure. Despite being favo ured as the victor[14], Kornilov lost and subsequently met his death when he participated in the Civil War against the Bolsheviks. The Kornilov Affair was triggered when Lvov came to Kerensky and demanded for the transfer of power to Kornilov. The whole narration is long, which partly has been mentioned previously, however, it shows the general mechanism in the government and their personalities. Miscommunication, distribution of power, lack of confidence and distrust with each other and different groups supporting different people for their own ambitions are all highlighted. First, the miscommunication. Just after hearing from Lvov that he was suited to be a military dictator, Kerensky quickly announced Kornilov for a military coup against the government for fear that he might be removed from the power[15]. Kornilov claimed to be acting on Kerenskys instruction; Kerensky painted Kornilov as a counter-revolutionary who wanted to a dictator. Although, there is some evidence stating that Kerensky regretted his dismissals and hesitate to brand Kornilov as a traitor. In fact, there was an attempt to try to negotiate with Kornilov, albeit he was under pressure. However, unknown to them, Nekrasov had dispatched the message and it was too late for them when they realised about this.[16] These misunderstandings and lack of cohesion certainly shows existing fractures in the Provisional Government which led to the downfall of both sides. Nekrasovs action, albeit there was an attempt to delay the declaration, removed any chance for reconciliation. Lack of further co mmunication, whether it was for confirmation or negotiation, were noticeable. For example, instead of asking Kornilov after Alekseev sent him the note, Krymov went directly to Kerensky and stopped the troop from advancing. There was also the telecommunication between Kerensky and Kornilov over Hughes Apparatus where the conversation appears to be vague and no direct confrontation.[17] Some historians believed that Kerensky was trying to remove Kornilov quietly.[18] Instead of working together and worked their differences, they were more focus on removing each other. This might have been due to their prior clash in regards to capital and corporal punishment in the army to name a few[19]. In regards to Lvov, it seems unlikely that Kerensky explicitly instructed Kornilov to march troops into Petrograd and given him the choices: where one of them was that Kornilov would be a dictator[20]. Although it seems to be benefited Kerensky, he was probably no more trusting of Kornilov than others. Bringing in Kornilovs army into Petrograd would risk of military counter-revolution. It is still unclear how Lvovs and Kornilovs claims differed from each other. As mentioned earlier, nearing the peak of the affair in the end of August, people were positive that Kornilovs troop would win: his generals, landowners[21], large officers union, the Cossacks and the increase in Stock Exchange.[22] Considering that majority of the High Command sympathised with Kornilov[23] and his previous meetings with different people giving supports, it is not surprising when Kornilov was confident that his march would be a successful coup. However, not all of these groups were supportive of his plan. Earlier on, there was already opposition against Kornilov. Moscow Military District, Colonel Verkhovsky, expressed his support towards the government and distanced himself from Kornilov. There was also wariness amongst people in Stavka where they saw little chance in his march into Petrograd.[24] Only some of the professional soldiers believed in this advance, but many were not dedicated in trying to assist Kornilov. Moreover, with the denunciation calling Kornilov as a traitor made by Kerensky had further convince them to distance themselves from the affair avoiding from being purged together with Kornilov if the affair had gone to different turn.[25] Kornilovs deliberate military plan collapsed. Between the 30th and 31st, the Third Cavalry Corps which was supposed to crush the soviets[26] did not arrive. Kerensky ordered General Alekseev to send a note to General Krymov that there was no Bolshevik uprising as predicted by Kornilov and consequently, he halted their advance into the capital. The generals of the troops General Krymov and Denikin were also cornered by their own troops and reluctantly had to surrender with the former shot himself[27]. Similarly, the troops also deserted after hearing that there was no uprising. The generals and Kornilov kept the soldiers in the dark in what they were actually fighting for only be told that they were there to fight against the Bolsheviks[28] which led to further decline in supports. The foundation of the coup was still not concrete and arguably the timing was a miss. Kornilov had failed to see the mood and the political situation at the time. The troops saw Kornilov as someone who reintroduced capital punishment death penalty and attempted to counter the revolution. Thus, after hearing that there were no Bolshevik uprisings and Kerenskys declaration of Kornilov as a traitor, mutinies soon broke out with some divisions pledged themselves to the cause of revolution the Bolsheviks. They helped other workers and prevented the remaining troops from marching and arrested anyone who was in favour of Kornilov.[29] These miscalculations and disorganised troops are highly dissimilar from the mass mobilisation by the Bolsheviks and the workers. Although, mass mobilisation against Kornilov by the Bolsheviks had been debated whether it was spontaneous or a completely organised deployment, this mobilisation had completely stumped Kornilovs effort. Kerensky appealed to Petrograd Soviet to stop Kornilov and defend the city (at the same time shows a weakness of the Provisional Government) led to the rearmament of Military Organisation which were both consisted of Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. Mass meetings were also conducted to discuss their plan against Kornilov in addition to a demand for the release of July Days Bolshevik prisoners. The demand was conceded and prisoners including Trotsky was free. These would be important later a couple month after. A committee was set up to defend the city, Committee for the Peoples Struggle against Counter Revolution[30]. This includes erecting fortifications around the city and barbed wires[31]. The Soviet was also involved in coordinating the distribution of weaponry and conducted searches a nd arrested anyone who was suspected to be counter-revolutionaries. Committees at province level were also created. This was to set up networks of communication between provinces[32]. Red Guards were created of mainly of left SR sympathisers and Bolsheviks and armed with many were trained by the [33]Military Organisations from a possible assault. These two organisations were overseen by Inter-District Conference of Petrograd Local Soviets. As shown, in comparison to the lacklustre that of Kornilovs military troops, the Soviets gradually created a working strings of groups. Moreover, agitators managed to infiltrate Kornilovs troops and persuaded them to desert the advance, coupled with Kerenskys declaration. They also cooperated with the telegraph and railway workers[34] which further disorganised Kornilovs effort. On the communication side, any suspicious telegraphs were supposed to be redirected whereas on the transportation side, they were instructed to make chaos. They destroyed railway tracks and sabotage communications. As results, the troops were moving on the wrong roads, arrived at wrong places, only some of the units got dispatched and many of the soldiers were separated from their commanders, and loss of communications with their units in short, confusion and disorder.[35] With these confusion, the movement had collapsed. The Red Guards managed to disable the coup without firing a single bullet and bloodshed; except for few murder of counter-revolutionaries[36]. Thus, shedding positive light onto the Bolshevik Party as the saviours and the p rotectors of the revolution. Consequently, this resulted in a large increase of support. Kornilov and other thirty army officers which were believed to conspire together, were incarcerated in the Bykhov Fortress. After the October event, Kornilov managed to escape and establish the Volunteer Army which later fought against the Bolsheviks during the Civil War; where he was killed. Although Kerensky did not contribute and directly involved, Kerensky still insisted of being a protector of Revolution.[37] Kornilov did not gain anything from this whole affair, more people supported the Left, he was removed and the Right was shaken.[38] The main problem with his advance was the miscommunication between everyone involved that was later could be exploited by their common enemy. The victor of this whole but short affair was the Bolsheviks. The party revived and strengthened amidst the political chaos and distrust. On the other hand, Kerensky lost the military support. Although there are officer corps refused to join Kornilovs mutiny, they abhorred Kerenskys attitude towards their generals and growing distrust towards officer corps amongst the common soldiers. Thus increasing division between these two groups.[39] The revolt had radicalised the masses. The Soviet Press began with their propaganda and due to their policy of being a fighter against Kornilov but no association with the Provisional Government, they became popular. Therefore, coupled with the increasing support and gaining control over the Petrograd Soviet, the Provisional Government was further weakened and in October/November 1917, the Bolshevik Party seized the power off from the Provisional Government as the champion for the Soviets. Bibliography: Ascher, Abraham, The Kornilov Affair, The Russian Review, Vol. 12:4, (1953) Asher, Harvey, The Kornilov Affair: A Reinterpretation, The Russian Review, Vol. 29:3, (1970) Kerensky, Alexander, The Prelude to the Bolshevism: The Kornilov Rebellion, (London, 1919) Munck, Jorgen Larsen, Translated by Torben Keller, Schmidt, The Kornilov Revolt (Denmark, 1987) Strakhovsky, Leonoid, Was There a Kornilov Rebellion A Reapraisal of the Evidence, Slavonic and East European Review, vol. XXXIII:81 (1955) Sukhanov, Nikolai, Translated by Joel Carmichael, The Russian Revolution 1917, (London, 1955) White, James D, The Russian Revolution 1917-1920: A Short History, (New York, 1994) August 1917: Kornilovs Coup Fails http://www.socialistalternative.org/russian-revolution-1917/august-1917-kornilovs-coup-fails/ Socialist Alternatives http://www.socialistalternative.org/, Accessed on 01 December 2016 The Causes of the October Revolution http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/history/russia/october/revision/3/ BBC Higher Bitesize UK http://www.bbc.co.uk/ Accessed on 23 November 2016 [1] Alexander Kerensky, The Prelude to the Bolshevism: The Kornilov Rebellion, (London, 1919) [2] Abraham, Ascher, The Kornilov Affair, The Russian Review, Vol. 12:4, (1953) p. 235; Nikolai, Sukhanov, Translated by Joel Carmichael, Russian Revolution, (London, 1955) pp. 522-523; Harvey Asher, The Kornilov Affair: A Reinterpretation, The Russian Review, Vol. 29:3, (1970), p. 300 [3] Ibid, p. 235 [4] Ascher, The Kornilov Affair pp. 235-52; Leonoid, Strakhovsky, Was There a Kornilov Rebellion A Reapraisal of the Evidence, Slavonic and East European Review, vol. XXXIII:81 (1955), pp. 372-95, p. 372; Also mentioned in Jorgen Larsen, Munck, Translated by Torben Keller, Schmidt, The Kornilov Revolt (Denmark, 1987) pp. 11-13 [5] Ascher, The Kornilov Affair, pp. 247-28 [6] Asher, p. 287 [7] Munck, The Kornilov Affair, pp. 106-109 [8] Lukomskii, pp. 238-39; Munck, p. 107 [9] RD, pp. 428, 442; Munck, p. 108 [10] Asher, pp. 299-300 [11] James D, White, The Russian Revolution 1917-1920: A Short History, (New York, 1994), pp. 139-141 [12] Asher, p. 300 [13] Asher, p. 300 [14] Munck, p. 114 [15] Asher, p. 297 [16] Asher, The Kornilov Affair, p. 298 [17] Ibid, p. 296 [18] Asher, p. 297; Rabinowitch, pp. 124-5; Katkov, pp. 86-87 mentioned in Munck, p. 111 [19] White, p. 134 [20] Munck, p. 107 [21] The Kornilov Affair, p. 244-245 [22] Munck, p. 114 [23] Munck, p. 114; Kerensky, pp. 184-5 [24] White, The Russian Revolution, p. 147; Asher, p. 300 [25] White, The Russian Revolution, p. 147 [26] Ascher, The Kornilov Affair, p. 241 [27] The Kornilov Affair, p. 250 [28] Ibid, p. 250 [29] White, The Russian Revolution, p. 148; A. Wildman, Officers of the general staff and the Kornilov movement, in E.R. Frankel et. Al., eds., Revolution in Russia: Reassessments of 1917 (Cambridge, 1992), pp. 95-99 [30] White, The Russian Revolution, p. 149 [31]August 1917: Kornilovs Coup Fails http://www.socialistalternative.org/russian-revolution-1917/august-1917-kornilovs-coup-fails/ Socialist Alternatives http://www.socialistalternative.org/, Accessed on 01 December 2016 [32] White, The Russian Revolution, p. 149 [33] Munck, p. 117 [34] Ibid, p. 148; The Causes of the October Revolution http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/history/russia/october/revision/3/ BBC Higher Bitesize UK http://www.bbc.co.uk/ Accessed on 23 November 2016; Munck, p. 118 [35] White, The Russian Revolution, p. 147 [36] Munck, p. 115 [37] Munck, p. 119 [38] Munck, p. 121 [39] White, The Russian Revolution, p. 150; Munck, p. 121